http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12164/3034 2026-03-27T10:04:04Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12164/3075 Title: On the psychology of primary and secondary consciousness: Part 2 Authors: Montare, Alberto Abstract: In this second paper on the psychology of endogenous primary and exogenous secondary consciousness, the differential natures and functions of each of these two levels of consciousness previously examined by Montare (1996, 2000, 2019) were further elaborated. Primary consciousness and secondary consciousness were further examined in this paper as naturally-emergent, psychological-level systems that arise within the hierarchical, metatheoretical cosmological evolutionary framework of five fundamental entities and their interactions: energy (Stage 1); energy-by-matter (Stage 2); energy-by-matter-by-life (Stage 3); energy-by-matter-by-life-by-mind (Stage 4); and, energy-by-matter-by-life-by-mind-by-culture (Stage 5). In this scenario, primary consciousness evolved at Stage 4 and secondary consciousness subsequently emerged at Stage 5. It was suggested that primary consciousness initially arises internally within the individual mind from neuron-to-neuron communications, whereas secondary consciousness initially arises from external, cultural brain-to-brain communications. In conclusion, Summary Table 5 shows an accumulation of 41 distinctions between primary and secondary consciousness drawn from Part 1 (Montare (2019) combined with the work of the present paper (Part 2). 2021-02-28T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12164/3072 Title: On the psychology of primary and secondary consciousness: Part 1 Authors: Montare, Alberto Abstract: A theoretical approach to account for the psychological natures and functions of primary and secondary consciousness is elaborated. Based upon historical, evolutionary and functional considerations, it is suggested that perhaps the fundamental evolved function of human (and animal) primary consciousness is the enhancement of survival within the surrounding environmental world of nature by control over endogenous, nonverbal primary knowledge that arises from ensembles and cell assemblies of interacting neurons. And, that in human evolution, perhaps the fundamental evolved function of secondary consciousness (in addition to its hierarchical ability to readout and control the contents of primary consciousness) is enhancement of survival within the social world of nurture by executive control over acquired exogenous, language-based secondary knowledge originating from ensembles of socially interacting brains. Distinctions are drawn between the primary and secondary levels of consciousness of the fundamental processes in psychology (sensation, perception, motivation, emotion, cognition and personality-self-individuation). Distinctions are also drawn between some of the primary and secondary levels of consciousness manifested by some of the basic constituents of psychology (such as, language, thought, memory, the specious present, reaction time, etc.). 2019-08-07T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12164/3026 Title: A note on three equations for consciousness Authors: Montare, Alberto Abstract: Three new metatheoretical equations for total human consciousness, primary consciousness and secondary consciousness are presented. These equations are based on five fundamental entities underlying cosmic evolution: energy, matter, life, mind and culture. It is hoped that these equations may have some heuristic value for those workers who wish to appreciate the psychological process of consciousness as an integral part of the whole big picture of cosmic evolution. 2020-07-17T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12164/3024 Title: Freud on Mind and Body Authors: Silverstein, Barry Abstract: The author provides a detailed study of Freud’s mind-body views. Freud developed a pragmatic dualist-interactionist view maintaining a distinction between the material body and the mental subjective world. He focused on what went on within the mind in relation to the necessity to reduce tensions experienced within the lived-in body, caused by physiological changes in the material body. He focused upon a particular link between mental processes and the organic substrate of sexual physiology. 2020-07-01T00:00:00Z